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Understanding Hypertension: What is Normal Blood Pressure?

What is Blood Pressure?

Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood against the walls of blood vessels.

It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) and is expressed as two numbers:

• Systolic pressure: the pressure when the heart beats
• Diastolic pressure: the pressure when the heart rests between beats

What is Normal Blood Pressure?

Normal blood pressure is considered to be below 120/80 mm Hg.

The American Heart Association (AHA) has defined blood pressure categories as follows:

• Normal: Less than 120/80 mm Hg
• Elevated: Systolic between 120-129 and diastolic less than 80 mm Hg
• Stage 1 Hypertension: Systolic between 130-139 or diastolic between 80-89 mm Hg
• Stage 2 Hypertension: Systolic at least 140 or diastolic at least 90 mm Hg
• Hypertensive Crisis: Systolic over 180 or diastolic over 120 mm Hg

Factors that Affect Blood Pressure

Several factors can affect blood pressure, including:

• Age
• Weight
• Race
• Family history
• Lifestyle factors (e.g., diet, exercise, smoking)
• Medications
• Medical conditions (e.g., diabetes, kidney disease)

Risks of Hypertension

High blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and other serious health problems.

The higher your blood pressure, the greater your risk of these complications.

How to Lower Blood Pressure

There are several lifestyle changes you can make to lower your blood pressure, including:

• Eating a healthy diet
• Getting regular exercise
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Reducing sodium intake
• Limiting alcohol intake
• Quitting smoking
• Managing stress

When to See a Doctor

If you have high blood pressure, it is important to see a doctor to discuss treatment options.

Medication may be necessary to lower your blood pressure and reduce your risk of complications.

Conclusion

Blood pressure is an important measure of your overall health.

Knowing your blood pressure and taking steps to keep it in a healthy range can help you reduce your risk of heart disease, stroke, and other serious health problems.

Talk to your doctor if you have any questions about your blood pressure or are concerned about your risk of developing hypertension.